Are you a marketing or public relations professional seeking to get a leg up on the competition? Sure, it’s very easy to “anonymously” post fake reviews slashing a competing brand, but is it really worth it? If you’re on the fence, consider these ten tips on online review legalities straight from Internet lawyers themselves. 

#1: Are Fake Reviews Illegal?

Yes, and that doesn’t just apply to fake negative reviews either. If you’ve wondered are fake positive reviews illegal, the answer would be yes, absolutely. Fake reviews, regardless of tone, violate a myriad of marketing and advertising laws. It is considered to be apart of unfair and unlawful business practices, and is in fact one of the top unfair business practices. To learn how to identify fake reviews online, click here.

Here’s what the Federal Trade Commission, the United States government regulation of unfair business practices, has to say about them:

“[Endorsements] must reflect the honest opinions, findings, beliefs or experiences of the reviewer.” 

It’s simple, are fake reviews considered “honest opinions, findings, beliefs of experiences of the reviewer”? We don’t think so. 

Not to mention, if fake reviews are used in a commercial capacity, the FTC could charge you with violating Section 5 of the FTC Act. It also can be considered unfair competition and violates the Lanham Act so don’t think these types of violations don’t come without punishments. 

“If an endorser is acting on behalf of an advertiser, what she or he is saying is usually going to be commercial speech – and commercial speech violates the FTC Act if it’s deceptive. The FTC conducts investigations and brings cases involving endorsements under Section 5 of the FTC Act, which generally prohibits deceptive advertising.” – The FTC 

So if you’ve been wondering can the FTC impose criminal sanctions? The answer would be yes, and anyone can file complaint with FTC.

Some other examples of unfair business practices would include those outlined in the infographic above.

#2: Injunctions

It isn’t hard to think of how fake reviews can hurt a business so before you ask yourself why are fake reviews bad, remember that fake reviews ruin reputations and can cost companies to lose customer trust and in return, revenue.

With that much at stake, companies who fall victim to a malicious fake review can hire an attorney and seek an injunction against the publisher of the phony review. 

#3: You Can’t Just Blame Your Affiliates

Can companies fake reviews? Absolutely. Is it legal? Absolutely not. So what if technically, your company didn’t post the fake review yourself? You’re not responsible, right? Wrong.

The FTC makes it clear that marketers and businesses are responsible for the actions of the affiliates who promote their products. This means that if an affiliate, whether it be a store that sells your product or an influencer that endorses it, violates marketing regulations, businesses can be held liable.

#4: Honesty Is the Best Policy

The easiest way to avoid legal trouble is to tell the truth in your marketing. Sure, you might be able to get away with a little “puffery” but that doesn’t mean you can straight up lie by flooding websites with fake reviews of your product.

Lying deceives customers and deception is a violation of marketing and advertising rules. If the FTC catches your company in a lie, it may fine you. 

#5: Misleading is Not Okay Either

Just because the FTC prohibits lying in promotional material, doesn’t mean they’re okay with misleading people. In fact, the FTC’s prime focus is to protect consumers against fraud and deceptive marketing. Don’t mislead people in your advertising, it is considered apart of unfair and unlawful business practices.

#6: Disclose Till You Can’t No More

Disclosures need to be clearly visible and written in a way that an average person can understand. This means it’s not okay to hide a disclosure behind a single footer link that takes you to a 30,0000-word legalese wall of 8px text. Say goodbye to the days when businesses were protected by purposely confusing- but legal- disclosures and user agreements. Now, the FTC has stated, “… each new endorsement made without a disclosure could be deceptive because readers might not see the original blog post where you said you got the product free from the manufacturer.” And “a disclosure on a profile page isn’t sufficient because many people in your audience probably won’t see it. Also, depending upon what it says, the badge may not adequately inform consumers of your connection to the trade association. If it’s simply a logo or hashtag for the event, it won’t tell consumers of your relationship to the association.”

Don’t know the best way to approach disclosures? Our Internet law attorneys know how to help you craft disclosure language that complies with the FTC’s standards.

#7: Dropping in Search Engine Ranking (SEO) Could Be Considered A Legitimate Harm

Writing a fake review to sabotage the competition could cause their website to drop in search engine ranking, causing them to lose business. If the defamed company chose to fight this loss by filing a defamation lawsuit, they would need to prove harm and a drop in search ranking could qualify as a sufficient harm because it ties to a loss in business or sales. However, this is an area of law that is still relatively uncharted.

#8: Don’t Use Photos of Celebrities or Public Figures Without Permission

Using a photo of a celebrity or public figure in marketing and on your business’ website to make it look like an endorsement is not ok. You need permission to do this, which usually results in a contract where you pay the celeb to endorse your product. Yes, using a royalty free picture technically doesn’t require permission, but using it deceptively to insinuate an endorsement is not allowed.

#9: Family and Employees Must Disclose Their Connection to The Company

The Federal Trade Commission considers familial and professional relationships to be material and insists that all material connections are disclosed in promotional and marketing materials. 

“Advertisers are subject to liability for false or unsubstantiated statements made through endorsements, or for failing to disclose material connections between themselves and their endorsers.” – The FTC

#10: Watch Out for Fines

If you do choose to disregard these rules, you’ll want to prepare for the possibility of paying a giant fine to the FTC- and they don’t mess around. Not only will they take your money, but they’ve also been known to repossess everything from houses to mink coats and even assets from family members. 

To learn more about marketing guidelines and advertising law, click here.

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Ready to Speak with a Marketing Lawyer?

If you are dealing with the repercussions of an FTC violation or your business has been defamed by a fake review or another unfair competition tactic, get in contact with an experienced online marketing lawyer today.